Thai Nguyen Province is one of the political and economic centers of the Viet Bac region in particular and the northeastern midland and mountainous region in general, bordering Bac Kan Province to the north, Vinh Phuc and Tuyen Quang to the west, Lang Son and Bac Giang to the east, and Hanoi to the south.

Thai Nguyen Province is a crucial transportation hub in the North's industrial production and supply chain, with a radial network of roads, railways, and waterways connecting to other provinces.

Notably, the Ring Road no. 5 and the Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Expressway have shortened the distance from Thai Nguyen to Noi Bai International Airport to just 40 minutes (45 km), and to Hanoi center to 50 minutes (65 km), quickly connecting to major electronics and automotive projects in Bac Ninh, Phu Tho, and Tuyen Quang provinces.

Moreover, with 31 universities, colleges, and vocational schools, Thai Nguyen is the third-largest human resource training center in the country, providing nearly 100,000 workers annually.